{"id":42964,"date":"2024-11-26T16:11:44","date_gmt":"2024-11-26T22:11:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.incredibleegg.org\/?post_type=nutrition_article&#038;p=42964"},"modified":"2024-11-26T16:11:45","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T22:11:45","slug":"nutritions-role-in-infant-brain-development-at-critical-periods","status":"publish","type":"nutrition_article","link":"https:\/\/www.incredibleegg.org\/nutrition\/articles\/nutritions-role-in-infant-brain-development-at-critical-periods\/","title":{"rendered":"Nutrition\u2019s role in infant brain development at critical periods"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block\">\n<p><strong>Key Takeaways:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Health professionals play an important role in guiding food and dietary supplement consumption before, during, and after pregnancy \u2013 especially during critical periods when <strong>infant brain development <\/strong>is sensitive to the availability of nutrients.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is thus essential to emphasize the consumption of foods that provide protein, DHA, iron, folate, choline, zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and vitamin D during these critical developmental periods.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Common misconceptions about the benefits of certain foods that offer these essential nutrients, such as eggs, can lead to underconsumption of these foods.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block\">\n<p><strong>Hot Topics in Primary Care: Early Life Nutrition and the Developing Brain<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block\">\n<p>While all macro- and micronutrients are essential for healthy babies, \u201cThe developing brain is sensitive to the availability of nutrients during critical periods of pregnancy and infancy, after which neurodevelopmental damage is irreversible [1].\u201d\u00a0 Foods with nutrients are important for health professionals to highlight before and during pregnancy.\u00a0 Misconceptions about foods such as eggs and seafood might also be vital to address.\u00a0 A recent <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37549422\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Special Supplement on Hot Topics in Primary Care article<\/a>, supported by the American Egg Board, summarized the critical role of nutrition during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment for health professionals.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block\">\n<p>Dr. Christifano and Registered Dietitian Lara Bennett highlight several nutrients that are important for a baby\u2019s developing brain, including protein, DHA, iron, folate, iodine, choline, zinc, vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub>, vitamin A, and vitamin D.&nbsp; Food sources of these nutrients include animal-source foods (e.g., poultry, meat, fish, eggs, seafood, dairy foods, liver) and plant-source foods (e.g., tofu, beans, fortified grains, green leafy vegetables, dark chocolate, orange\/red\/green vegetables).&nbsp; These foods are recommended to be emphasized as part of an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myplate.gov\/life-stages\/pregnancy-and-breastfeeding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">overall healthy dietary pattern<\/a> during pregnancy, which includes a variety of nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans, peas, lentils, and nuts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block\">\n<p>Eggs are one example of a food that contains several nutrients important for neurodevelopment.&nbsp; In fact, eggs contain various amounts of all the nutrients recommended by the <a href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/141\/2\/e20173716\/38085\/Advocacy-for-Improving-Nutrition-in-the-First-1000?autologincheck=redirected\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">American Academy of Pediatrics<\/a> for the growth of a baby\u2019s brain [2].&nbsp; New data show that these nutrients are more than the sum of their individual dietary components, with potential <a href=\"https:\/\/www.incredibleegg.org\/articles\/infant-brain-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">interactions of DHA, lutein + zeaxanthin, and choline on brain development<\/a> [3, 4].&nbsp; \u201cFurther, maternal egg intake alone is related to markers of fetal neurodevelopment in the third trimester [1, 3].\u201d&nbsp; These data illustrate the potential value of recommending food sources of nutrients instead of dietary supplements, because of the interaction of the dietary components in the food, which could impact the bioavailability of choline and lutein, for example [5, 6].&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block\">\n<p>Despite authoritative recommendations that eggs can be part of healthy dietary patterns [7, 8], many Americans remain confused about the cholesterol content of eggs.&nbsp; Survey data indicate that forty-two percent of new and expectant parents indicate \u201chigh cholesterol\u201d is a barrier to eating more eggs [9].&nbsp; These data are particularly alarming because of the incredible nutrition package eggs offer to children [10, 11].&nbsp; Health professionals can help reassure parents that the evidence shows that when eggs are eaten within a healthy dietary pattern, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.incredibleegg.org\/articles\/eggs-heart-health-hot-topic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">egg consumption does not negatively impact blood cholesterol levels<\/a> [12].&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block\">\n<p>Seafood is another \u201c\u2026food group that is nutrient dense and recommended in pregnancy by all major health agencies, but many women still report avoiding it while pregnant [1, 13]\u2026patient-facing information tends to emphasize the risks of mercury consumption without also mentioning the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acog.org\/clinical\/clinical-guidance\/practice-advisory\/articles\/2017\/01\/update-on-seafood-consumption-during-pregnancy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">benefits of seafood<\/a>.\u201d&nbsp; Survey data indicate women desire more information about healthy seafood consumption during pregnancy, which like eggs, provides essential nutrients for healthy brain development [1].&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block\">\n<p>Overall, health professionals play an important role for guiding food and dietary supplement consumption before, during, and after pregnancy, which can help \u201coptimize the health of the next generation [1].\u201d&nbsp; As just <a href=\"https:\/\/incredibleegg.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/FINAL_ENC_LS-Navy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">one egg a day contributes ~33% of the choline requirement during pregnancy<\/a>, eggs can be an easy addition to healthy dietary patterns that support early life nutrition.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"references-block-block_72fe7c948c28ca4f5d25e874ff8aeee6\" class=\"content-block references-block \">\n\n  <h3><a class=\"references__toggle\" aria-controls=\"references--block_72fe7c948c28ca4f5d25e874ff8aeee6\" aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"#\">References<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <div class=\"references__ol text-block\" id=\"references--block_72fe7c948c28ca4f5d25e874ff8aeee6\"><ol>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Christifano, D.N. and L. Bennett, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Early Life Nutirtion and the Developing Brain.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Supplement to the Journal of Family Practice, 2023. <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">72<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(6): p. S25-30.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Schwarzenberg, S.J. and M.K. Georgieff, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Advocacy for Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days to Support Childhood Development and Adult Health.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Pediatrics, 2018. <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">141<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(2).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Christifano, D.N., et al., <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Intake of eggs, choline, lutein, zeaxanthin, and DHA during pregnancy and their relationship to fetal neurodevelopment.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Nutr Neurosci, 2022: p. 1-7.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">U.S. Department of Agriculture. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FoodData Central SR Legacy &#8212; Egg, whole, raw, fresh<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. 2019 April 1, 2019; Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fdc.nal.usda.gov\/fdc-app.html#\/food-details\/171287\/nutrients\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/fdc.nal.usda.gov\/fdc-app.html#\/food-details\/171287\/nutrients<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lemos, B.S., et al., <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Effects of Egg Consumption and Choline Supplementation on Plasma Choline and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide in a Young Population.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> J Am Coll Nutr, 2018: p. 1-8.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chung, H.Y., H.M. Rasmussen, and E.J. Johnson, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lutein bioavailability is higher from lutein-enriched eggs than from supplements and spinach in men.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> J Nutr, 2004. <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">134<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(8): p. 1887-93.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. 2020; Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dietaryguidelines.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-12\/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/www.dietaryguidelines.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-12\/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Carson, J.A.S., et al., <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dietary Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Risk: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Circulation, 2019: p. Cir0000000000000743.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ipsos, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">American Egg Board<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. May-June 2021.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Papanikolaou, Y. and V.L. Fulgoni, 3rd, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Egg Consumption in Infants is Associated with Longer Recumbent Length and Greater Intake of Several Nutrients Essential in Growth and Development.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Nutrients, 2018. <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">10<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(6).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Papanikolaou, Y. and V.L. Fulgoni, 3rd, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Egg Consumption in U.S. Children is Associated with Greater Daily Nutrient Intakes, including Protein, Lutein + Zeaxanthin, Choline, alpha-Linolenic Acid, and Docosahexanoic Acid.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Nutrients, 2019. <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">11<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(5).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fernandez, M.L., <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Role of Eggs in Healthy Diets.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Supplement to the Journal of Family Practice, 2022. <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">71<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(6): p. S71-S75.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Starling, P., et al., <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fish intake during pregnancy and foetal neurodevelopment&#8211;a systematic review of the evidence.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Nutrients, 2015. <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(3): p. 2001-14.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key Takeaways:&nbsp; Hot Topics in Primary Care: Early Life Nutrition and the Developing Brain&nbsp; While all macro- and micronutrients are essential for healthy babies, \u201cThe developing brain is sensitive to the availability of nutrients during critical periods of pregnancy and infancy, after which neurodevelopmental damage is irreversible [1].\u201d\u00a0 Foods with nutrients are important for health [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":42965,"template":"","nutrition_article_tag":[33,30,28],"class_list":["post-42964","nutrition_article","type-nutrition_article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","nutrition_article_tag-cognition","nutrition_article_tag-eggs-across-the-lifespan","nutrition_article_tag-nutrients-in-eggs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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